简介&前言
FILE 在 Linux 系统的标准 IO 库中是用于描述文件的结构，称为文件流。 FILE 结构在程序执行 fopen 等函数时会进行创建，并分配在堆中。我们常定义一个指向 FILE 结构的指针来接收这个返回值。
libioP.h 的定义：_IO_list_all 全局变量
#include "libioP.h"
#ifdef _IO_MTSAFE_IO
# define DEF_STDFILE(NAME, FD, CHAIN, FLAGS) \
static _IO_lock_t _IO_stdfile_##FD##_lock = _IO_lock_initializer; \
static struct _IO_wide_data _IO_wide_data_##FD \
= { ._wide_vtable = &_IO_wfile_jumps }; \
struct _IO_FILE_plus NAME \
= {FILEBUF_LITERAL(CHAIN, FLAGS, FD, &_IO_wide_data_##FD), \
&_IO_file_jumps};
#else
# define DEF_STDFILE(NAME, FD, CHAIN, FLAGS) \
static struct _IO_wide_data _IO_wide_data_##FD \
= { ._wide_vtable = &_IO_wfile_jumps }; \
struct _IO_FILE_plus NAME \
= {FILEBUF_LITERAL(CHAIN, FLAGS, FD, &_IO_wide_data_##FD), \
&_IO_file_jumps};
#endif
DEF_STDFILE(_IO_2_1_stdin_, 0, 0, _IO_NO_WRITES);
DEF_STDFILE(_IO_2_1_stdout_, 1, &_IO_2_1_stdin_, _IO_NO_READS);
DEF_STDFILE(_IO_2_1_stderr_, 2, &_IO_2_1_stdout_, _IO_NO_READS+_IO_UNBUFFERED);
struct _IO_FILE_plus *_IO_list_all = &_IO_2_1_stderr_;
libc_hidden_data_def (_IO_list_all)
libc默认带3个FILE结构：stdin，stdout，stderr
全局变量_IO_list_all指向stderr（链表是：stderr->stdout->stdin），后续创建新的FILE文件流会插入到这后面
stdin，stdout，stderr
stdin是全局变量，指向_IO_2_1_stdin结构体，也就是IO_FILE_plus结构体
#undef stdin
#undef stdout
#undef stderr
FILE *stdin = (FILE *) &_IO_2_1_stdin_;
FILE *stdout = (FILE *) &_IO_2_1_stdout_;
FILE *stderr = (FILE *) &_IO_2_1_stderr_;
这几个全局变量指针没有const属性，所以在内存中是可修改的，如果能修改，就能劫持FILE结构体
_IO_FILE_plus
struct _IO_FILE_plus
{
FILE file;
const struct _IO_jump_t *vtable;
};
_IO_FILE
缩写为FILE
/* The opaque type of streams. This is the definition used elsewhere. */
typedef struct _IO_FILE FILE;
具体内容如下，最核心的就是一堆缓冲区指针（read，write，buf）和链表指针（_chain）
/* The tag name of this struct is _IO_FILE to preserve historic
C++ mangled names for functions taking FILE* arguments.
That name should not be used in new code. */
struct _IO_FILE
{
int _flags; /* High-order word is _IO_MAGIC; rest is flags. */
/* The following pointers correspond to the C++ streambuf protocol. */
char *_IO_read_ptr; /* Current read pointer */
char *_IO_read_end; /* End of get area. */
char *_IO_read_base; /* Start of putback+get area. */
char *_IO_write_base; /* Start of put area. */
char *_IO_write_ptr; /* Current put pointer. */
char *_IO_write_end; /* End of put area. */
char *_IO_buf_base; /* Start of reserve area. */
char *_IO_buf_end; /* End of reserve area. */
/* The following fields are used to support backing up and undo. */
char *_IO_save_base; /* Pointer to start of non-current get area. */
char *_IO_backup_base; /* Pointer to first valid character of backup area */
char *_IO_save_end; /* Pointer to end of non-current get area. */
struct _IO_marker *_markers;
struct _IO_FILE *_chain;
int _fileno;
int _flags2;
__off_t _old_offset; /* This used to be _offset but it's too small. */
/* 1+column number of pbase(); 0 is unknown. */
unsigned short _cur_column;
signed char _vtable_offset;
char _shortbuf[1];
_IO_lock_t *_lock;
#ifdef _IO_USE_OLD_IO_FILE
};
_IO_lock_t
全部为0意味着没有锁，可以使用，一般篡改结构的时候，改为一个指向0的指针即可
typedef struct { int lock; int cnt; void *owner; } _IO_lock_t;
_IO_wide_data
用于宽字节数据的FILE结构，类似house of apple的利用技巧会用到这个结构伪造_wide_vtable
/* Extra data for wide character streams. */
struct _IO_wide_data
{
wchar_t *_IO_read_ptr; /* Current read pointer */
wchar_t *_IO_read_end; /* End of get area. */
wchar_t *_IO_read_base; /* Start of putback+get area. */
wchar_t *_IO_write_base; /* Start of put area. */
wchar_t *_IO_write_ptr; /* Current put pointer. */
wchar_t *_IO_write_end; /* End of put area. */
wchar_t *_IO_buf_base; /* Start of reserve area. */
wchar_t *_IO_buf_end; /* End of reserve area. */
/* The following fields are used to support backing up and undo. */
wchar_t *_IO_save_base; /* Pointer to start of non-current get area. */
wchar_t *_IO_backup_base; /* Pointer to first valid character of
backup area */
wchar_t *_IO_save_end; /* Pointer to end of non-current get area. */
__mbstate_t _IO_state;
__mbstate_t _IO_last_state;
struct _IO_codecvt _codecvt;
wchar_t _shortbuf[1];
const struct _IO_jump_t *_wide_vtable;
};
_IO_jump_t
虚函数表，很多堆文件的操作都是调用的这里的函数指针
struct _IO_jump_t
{
JUMP_FIELD(size_t, __dummy);
JUMP_FIELD(size_t, __dummy2);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_finish_t, __finish);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_overflow_t, __overflow);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_underflow_t, __underflow);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_underflow_t, __uflow);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_pbackfail_t, __pbackfail);
/* showmany */
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_xsputn_t, __xsputn);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_xsgetn_t, __xsgetn);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_seekoff_t, __seekoff);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_seekpos_t, __seekpos);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_setbuf_t, __setbuf);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_sync_t, __sync);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_doallocate_t, __doallocate);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_read_t, __read);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_write_t, __write);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_seek_t, __seek);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_close_t, __close);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_stat_t, __stat);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_showmanyc_t, __showmanyc);
JUMP_FIELD(_IO_imbue_t, __imbue);
};
参考资料
- [0] FILE结构 - CTF Wiki (ctf-wiki.org)
- [1] glibc 2.35 源码